Old stone house on the Plaza Mayor, 25 de Mayo, Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay

Colonia del Sacramento

Colonia del Sacramento (formerly the Portuguese Colónia do Sacramento) is a city in southwestern Uruguay, by the Río de la Plata, facing Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is one of the oldest towns in Uruguay and capital of the Colonia Department. It has a population of around 27,000.

It is renowned for its historic quarter, a World Heritage Site. Modern Colonia del Sacramento produces textiles and has a free trade zone, in addition to a polytechnic centre and various government buildings.

History

Founded in 1680 by Portugal as Colónia do Sacramento, the colony was later disputed by the Spanish who settled on the opposite bank of the river at Buenos Aires. The colony was conquered by José de Garro in 1680, but returned to Portugal the next year. It was conquered again by the Spanish in March 1705 after a siege of five months, but given back in the Treaty of Utrecht. Another attack during the Spanish-Portuguese War, 1735-1737, failed.

It kept changing hands from crown to crown due to treaties such as the Treaty of Madrid in 1750 and the Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1777, until it remained with the Spanish. It then transferred to Portuguese control again, being later incorporated into Brazil after 1816, when the entire Banda Oriental (Uruguay) was seized by the government of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves and renamed the Cisplatina province.

On 10 January 1809, before the independence of Uruguay, it was designated as a "Villa" (town) and has since been elevated to the status of "Ciudad" (city).

Since independence Colonia del Sacramento has expanded to the north and east, but the original Barrio Histórico (historic quarter) retains its irregular, terrain-fitting street plan built by the Portuguese, contrasting with the wider, orthogonal calles in the newer Spanish area.

See: wikipedia

Old stone house in Paseo de San Gabriel

Colonia del Sacramento

Colonia del Sacramento (formerly the Portuguese Colónia do Sacramento) is a city in southwestern Uruguay, by the Río de la Plata, facing Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is one of the oldest towns in Uruguay and capital of the Colonia Department. It has a population of around 27,000.

It is renowned for its historic quarter, a World Heritage Site. Modern Colonia del Sacramento produces textiles and has a free trade zone, in addition to a polytechnic centre and various government buildings.

History

Founded in 1680 by Portugal as Colónia do Sacramento, the colony was later disputed by the Spanish who settled on the opposite bank of the river at Buenos Aires. The colony was conquered by José de Garro in 1680, but returned to Portugal the next year. It was conquered again by the Spanish in March 1705 after a siege of five months, but given back in the Treaty of Utrecht. Another attack during the Spanish-Portuguese War, 1735-1737, failed.

It kept changing hands from crown to crown due to treaties such as the Treaty of Madrid in 1750 and the Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1777, until it remained with the Spanish. It then transferred to Portuguese control again, being later incorporated into Brazil after 1816, when the entire Banda Oriental (Uruguay) was seized by the government of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves and renamed the Cisplatina province.

On 10 January 1809, before the independence of Uruguay, it was designated as a "Villa" (town) and has since been elevated to the status of "Ciudad" (city).

Since independence Colonia del Sacramento has expanded to the north and east, but the original Barrio Histórico (historic quarter) retains its irregular, terrain-fitting street plan built by the Portuguese, contrasting with the wider, orthogonal calles in the newer Spanish area.

See: wikipedia

House in Colonia, Uruguay

Colonia del Sacramento

Colonia del Sacramento (formerly the Portuguese Colónia do Sacramento) is a city in southwestern Uruguay, by the Río de la Plata, facing Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is one of the oldest towns in Uruguay and capital of the Colonia Department. It has a population of around 27,000.

It is renowned for its historic quarter, a World Heritage Site. Modern Colonia del Sacramento produces textiles and has a free trade zone, in addition to a polytechnic centre and various government buildings.

History

Founded in 1680 by Portugal as Colónia do Sacramento, the colony was later disputed by the Spanish who settled on the opposite bank of the river at Buenos Aires. The colony was conquered by José de Garro in 1680, but returned to Portugal the next year. It was conquered again by the Spanish in March 1705 after a siege of five months, but given back in the Treaty of Utrecht. Another attack during the Spanish-Portuguese War, 1735-1737, failed.

It kept changing hands from crown to crown due to treaties such as the Treaty of Madrid in 1750 and the Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1777, until it remained with the Spanish. It then transferred to Portuguese control again, being later incorporated into Brazil after 1816, when the entire Banda Oriental (Uruguay) was seized by the government of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves and renamed the Cisplatina province.

On 10 January 1809, before the independence of Uruguay, it was designated as a "Villa" (town) and has since been elevated to the status of "Ciudad" (city).

Since independence Colonia del Sacramento has expanded to the north and east, but the original Barrio Histórico (historic quarter) retains its irregular, terrain-fitting street plan built by the Portuguese, contrasting with the wider, orthogonal calles in the newer Spanish area.

See: wikipedia

Old stone house on the corner of Plaza Mayor, 25 de Mayo, Colonia, Uruguay

Colonia del Sacramento

Colonia del Sacramento (formerly the Portuguese Colónia do Sacramento) is a city in southwestern Uruguay, by the Río de la Plata, facing Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is one of the oldest towns in Uruguay and capital of the Colonia Department. It has a population of around 27,000.

It is renowned for its historic quarter, a World Heritage Site. Modern Colonia del Sacramento produces textiles and has a free trade zone, in addition to a polytechnic centre and various government buildings.

History

Founded in 1680 by Portugal as Colónia do Sacramento, the colony was later disputed by the Spanish who settled on the opposite bank of the river at Buenos Aires. The colony was conquered by José de Garro in 1680, but returned to Portugal the next year. It was conquered again by the Spanish in March 1705 after a siege of five months, but given back in the Treaty of Utrecht. Another attack during the Spanish-Portuguese War, 1735-1737, failed.

It kept changing hands from crown to crown due to treaties such as the Treaty of Madrid in 1750 and the Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1777, until it remained with the Spanish. It then transferred to Portuguese control again, being later incorporated into Brazil after 1816, when the entire Banda Oriental (Uruguay) was seized by the government of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves and renamed the Cisplatina province.

On 10 January 1809, before the independence of Uruguay, it was designated as a "Villa" (town) and has since been elevated to the status of "Ciudad" (city).

Since independence Colonia del Sacramento has expanded to the north and east, but the original Barrio Histórico (historic quarter) retains its irregular, terrain-fitting street plan built by the Portuguese, contrasting with the wider, orthogonal calles in the newer Spanish area.

See: wikipedia

Former Reformed Orphanage

Former Reformed Orphanage

The Protestant Orphanage was founded in 1639 by the first Reverend of Maastricht Philip Ludovicus, five years after the conquest of Maastricht by Prince Frederik Hendrik. The orphanage was still housed in the former Franciscan monastery in St. Pieterstraat. In 1690 a new orphanage was founded near the Lenculenpoort: two detached buildings from the mid-17th century, were connected by an intermediate construction. The entire complex is built in the style of the Maasland Renaissance.

Today it houses the Theatre Academy Maastricht.

See: rijksmonumenten

Water gate in city wall

The city wall

Duke Hendrik 1 of Brabant, ruler who lived in Leuven, Belgium, granted Maastricht the right to build a city wall. The wall was about 2500 meter long. Large parts of this wall can still be seen in the center of Maastricht. Before the city wall was realized, Maastricht was protected by an earth rampart surrounded by a moat. There was an increasing need by the civilian population to protect the city better against enemy armies. The urban sector outside the city walls had grown strongly in two strong centers of business. The tanners (leather workers) along the banks of the Jeker and sheet weavers at the Boschpoort.

In the wall at the Looiersgracht are arches, pillars and a water gate.

See: fotosmaastricht

Madonna with child (1942)

Sjef Eijmael

Joseph Hendrik (Sjef) Eijmael (Valkenburg aan de Geul, 18 april 1921 - Maastricht, 14 oktober 2007) was a Dutch sculptor.

Eijmael was a son of sculptor Josef Hendrik Eijmael (1894-1968) and Catharina Maria Elisabeth van Grootel. He was educated at the Jan van Eyck Academy in Maastricht, with Charles Vos. Just 18 years old, he designed a Holy Heart statue for Hoensbroek, which was sculpted by his father. He continued his studies under Jan Bronner at the Academy of Fine Arts in Amsterdam.

From 1944 he lived and worked in Maastricht and from 1986 in Voeren. He was a traditional sculptor who worked figurative. Eijmael died in 2007, at age 86, in the Academic Hospital Maastricht.

See: wikipedia

Christ as the Good Shepherd (1948)

Christ as the Good Shepherd

On a console Christ is depicted standing with his right leg placed forward. He wears his white robe and a blue cloak (the colors are slightly vervaald by lapse of time). Depicted surrounding Christ are sheep, some looks up to the Lord. Christ carries on his left arm a sheep, across his chest, that has directed his gaze to the Lord; his right arm is resting on the sheep. In the background, with his claws resting on the back of the console , there is a wolf. He represents evil, but the sheep are safe under the protection of the Lord.

History

Sculptor Charles Vos created in 1948 an image of Christ as the Good Shepherd. It was placed above the entrance of the chapel in the community center in the Plankstraat 7. In the second half of 1961 the community center was moved to the Grote Looiersstraat 12, the image moved along and was placed on the facade. After closing the community center (6 September 1969) the city of Maastricht sold the property to a brother of former Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers. The housekeeper of Father Castorius in Didam, Tineke Dijkman, tried to buy the image to give it as a present to Father Castorius on the occasion of his 50th aniversary of his priesthood on March 20, 1989. The Lubbers family did not want to sell the picture, because they felt that it belonged to the house. Hence, the image still adorns the facade of the building in the Grote Looiersstraat.

See: charlesvos

Faliezusterklooster

Faliezusterklooster

This small convent was founded in 1350 as the Monastery of St. Catherine, but soon the monastery was named after the clothing of the sisters, who wore a veil or falie their face. After a major fire the monastery was rebuilt between 1647 and 1652 in the style of the Maasland Renaissance. The adjacent monastery church was demolished around 1865.

Casa de Haver o Peso

Ver-o-peso

Ver-o-peso market is a market hall in Belém, Brazil located at Guajará Bay riverside.

It is called "Ver-o-Peso" following a colonial era tradition, since the tax collector's main post was located there, which was called "Casa do Haver-o-peso" ("Have-the-Weight House"). It was in the "Haver-o-peso house" that the taxes over goods brought from the Amazon forests, rivers and countryside should be paid to the Portuguese crown, but only after their weight was measured, hence the name, which later suffered a contraction.

Nowadays, the Ver-o-peso complex contains the Açaí Fair, a free open market where açaí berry merchants sell the fruit in natura for açaí juice shops, the Clock Square, with an iron-cast clock tower brought from England, the Ver-o-peso docks, where native fishes from Amazon are unloaded from boats and sold fresh, the Iron Market, a gothic prefab structure where fish is sold, the Solar da Beira space, a colonial building where art expositions often take place, and the neoclassical Meat Market, across the street, with iron-cast stairs and cubicles. There's also the free market, where craftsmanship, natural essence parfums, typical food and native fruits are sold.

IIt is located a few meters away from Feliz Lusitânia complex, a gathering of 16th and 18th century buildings including a fortress, an old hospital transformed into a museum, and two churches: a baroque one where there is a sacred art museum, and Belém's cathedral.

All this area has been declared national patrimony by the National Historical Museum (Brazil). Around ten years ago, Ver-o-peso was bidding a place into UNESCO's list of world's human patrimonies, but it wasn't included and since then the City never tried again.

See: Wikipedia

Bodega El Grifo and Wine Museum

Bodega El Grifo and Wine Museum

The Wine Museum is located in the old cellar facilities, built on volcanic lava in the 18th century.

The entrance is via the Monument to the Griffon (Monumento al Pájaro Grifo), sculpted by César Manrique.

Visited by 60,000 persons each year.

The antique utensils and wine-making machinery (wine presses, pumps, crushers, stills, barrel workshop…) are from the 19th and beginning of the 20th century.

The Wine library contains 5,000 titles.

See: elgrifo, lanzaroteinformation

Lanzarote

Exotically arid and desert-like, Lanzarote is a striking volcanic island 130 kilometers off of the coast of Africa and 1,000 kilometers from the Iberian Peninsula. Comprising one of the Canary Islands, its capital is Arrecife, with 140,000 residents. Lanzarote enjoys a warm, welcoming year-round climate that varies little throughout the year.

What do Lanzarote vacations have to offer?

• A Beach for Everyone in Lanzarote. Beach lovers will find Lanzarote to be a true paradise. This island showcases white, gold, and black sand beaches, most of which have tranquil waters. Others enjoy larger waves that are ideal for watersports such as surfing or windsurfing.
• Biosphere Reserve Island. One of Lanzarote's premiere tourist attractions is its spectacular natural beauty: landscape, volcanoes, endangered species, etc. Lanzarote's natural wonders even earned UNESCO's distinguished title of "Biosphere Reserve" in 1993.
• Lanzarote Gastronomy. Simplicity is the key factor in Lanzarote's delicious cuisine. The high quality of the primary ingredients results in flavorful dishes that are sure to both surprise and please. Traditional foods of the region include sancocho, papas arrugadas, and panes de maní.

Beaches

Lanzarote’s beaches run along the 190km coastline and, despite being a destination popular with holidaymakers, they offer unspoiled landscapes. Lanzarote’s beaches are divided into six zones, each one with its own characteristics. The beaches on the south deserve special mention: Yaiza and the huge marina area of Playa Blanca.

Main beaches in Lanzarote

• Yaiza beaches: In the south of Lanzarote, Yaiza beaches have the largest marina on the island, Playa Blanca. The most beautiful beaches are Papagayo, with fine golden sand, Flamingo, Janubio, in a protected natural area, Montaña Roja and Las Coloradas, which has managed to preserve its wild natural beauty.
• Arrecife beaches: The beaches in the capital of Lanzarote offer excellent facilities and services. One of their advantages is that they are virtually part of the city. El Reducto is considered to be the best, since it has fine white sand, calm waters and a nice sea promenade. La Concha, beyond city borders, is excellent too.
• Teguise beaches: The coastline in Teguise gathers numerous beaches that welcome surfers and windsurfers, as they are the windiest in Lanzarote along with those in Tinajo. Las Cucharas is among the best known, as are El Jablillo or Los Charcos. Farama is the longest (6km) but too many high waves make it bad for swimming.
• Beaches in the north of Lanzarote: In the northern part of Lanzarote are Haría and La Graciosa, in the Chinijo archipelago, which has bright unspoilt beaches of fine white sand like La Laja, El Salado or Francesa.

Local feasts

Lanzarote has feasts all year round, but it is in the summer that the most important and traditional ones take place. In June and September, Lanzarote commemorates its patron saints in Haría or Yaiza, with the procession of Los Remedios. Local fiestas are the perfect time to get to know the character and culture of the island people.

Major events in Lanzarote

• La Candelaria: It is held in February in Tías and is the oldest fiesta, since it dates to the years following the Reconquista. They eat fried pork with gofio and traditional cheese, and watch Canary wrestling tournaments, regional dance shows and other folk traditions.
• Carnival in Lanzarote: Carnival is the main festival in the Canaries, especially in Lanzarote, although in Tenerife or Gran Canaria celebrations are somewhat brighter. In Arrecife, it gathers big crowds and ends with the Burial of the Sardine and a fireworks show.
• Feast of San Antonio: Tías gets all dressed up on 13 June to honour Saint Anthony. Music, processions and activities for kids and adults abound during this feast day. In Lanzarote they believe it is the perfect day to find someone to marry, since Saint Anthony is the matchmaker saint.
• Feast of El Carmen: The Virgin of El Carmen is the Patroness of the coast of Teguise, a village where Her feast is held annually on 16 July. Processions at sea are the main activity, and the most picturesque too, as a great number of boats decorated with colourful flowers sail down the coast. Thousands of enthusiastic visitors come to Teguise every year to attend this feast in July.
• San Bartolomé Festival: On 24 August, San Bartolomé, a town situated in the centre of the island of Lanzarote, celebrates the feast honouring its patron saint. This folk festival is perfect to learn about the history and culture of Lanzarote.
• Saint Ginés in Arrecife: The major feasts in the capital of Lanzarote last two weeks but the real feast day is 25 August. Traditional dance, meals, processions and parties follow right after the other non-stop, attracting huge crowds. The area of El Reducto beach becomes a great leisure and fun venue.
• Virgin of Los Remedios Feast: On 8 September every year, Yaiza honours its Patroness with a charming procession filled with symbols. Sports, theatre plays, exhibitions, traditional dance... Activities for the whole week ending with a big water festival and a traditional cookout.

Natural areas

The island of Lanzarote is a display of natural beauty you will not find anywhere else in the Canaries. Huge areas of volcanic soils, craters and hard lava live together with crop fields. More than 40% of the island is protected and, in fact, Lanzarote as a whole has been designated a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO.

Nature in Lanzarote:

• Timanfaya National Park: Timanfaya is the best-known natural area in Lanzarote, between Yaiza to the south and Tinajo on the west coast. With 50km², the park covers a good area of the south-western part of the island, where the volcanic landscapes are fantastic. There are as many as 25 volcanoes in the park, Montañas del Fuego (Fire Mountains) among them.
• Los Ajaches: Los Ajaches is one of the most important natural areas in Yaiza, south Lanzarote. It is a huge volcanic massif spanning over 3,000ha that offers a spectacular landscape of contrasts and signposted hiking trails.
• Naturists’ cave: This is an outstanding cave in Lanzarote, between Tías and Tinajo, in the protected natural area of La Geria. It has volcanic origin and forms a huge underground passage with galleries and chambers of great beauty. It covers 2.1ha.
• Los Hervideros: It has a wonderful rugged coast with impressive cliffs in reddish and purple volcanic rock worn away by the sea in the area of Janubio. There are underwater caves that offer a nice show to scuba divers.
• Saline marshes in Janubio: Close to Los Hervideros, in Janubio Nature Park, there are the beautiful saline marshes, covering nearly 500,000m². The central element is a big highly concentrated salt lake, whose salt is used in cooking.
• Charco Verde: Also known as Charco de los Clicos, it is a lagoon by the charming coastal town of El Golfo. While still in Lanzarote, it is out of this world. A natural lake on a big black sand beach in the middle of a crater up a volcanic mountain. The lake is fed by seawater and gets its green colour from algae.

Curious facts

Curious facts and stories about Lanzarote have to do, most often than not, with its impressive volcanic landscapes. The volcanic island keeps secrets and stories that have come down to us from the aboriginal inhabitants, the Guanches, who have adapted themselves to new conditions while retaining their genuine roots.

History of Lanzarote and curious facts:

• Mirror of the Moon: Timanfaya Park in Lanzarote looks exactly like the Moon. They say that Apollo astronauts looked at pictures of this park to get an idea of what the surface of the Moon would look like.
• Lanzarote in film: The stunning landscapes of Lanzarote were chosen by film directors as scenery for blockbusters like Moby Dick, When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth, Doctor Who and Almodovar’s Los abrazos rotos/Broken Embraces, and for TV series like Search for Treasure Island.
• Island of volcanoes: Lanzarote, with Timanfaya and Los Volcanes Parks, is the area with the highest concentration of volcanoes (25) across Spain. The latest eruptions took place in the eighteenth century, destroying numerous villages in the area of Montañas del Fuego.
• More than a million visitors: With a population of 140,000, Lanzarote attracts more than a million visitors a year.
• The other capital: Teguise was formerly the capital of the island. Today, the capital is Arrecife, a busy city that hosts government and administrative buildings.
• From Genoa: The name Lanzarote, historians say, comes from the name of a Genoese sailor, Lancelotto Malocello, who came to the island in the fourteenth century. The castle of Guanapay – the oldest on the island – was erected over a tower belonging to Malocello.
• Clicos: The wonderful green lagoon of El Golfo is also known as Charco de los Clicos because it used to be home to a crustacean, clico, that has been extinct for over a century now.

See: Wikipedia